How to Train Teams On Cloud Technologies: 25 Effective Strategies

    I
    Authored By

    ITAdvice.io

    How to Train Teams On Cloud Technologies: 25 Effective Strategies

    Discovering the most effective ways to train teams on cloud technologies can be daunting, but this article demystifies the process with strategies backed by industry experts. The insights provided here stem from seasoned professionals and are designed to elevate your team's cloud capabilities. From hands-on experiences to fostering a continuous learning culture, learn how to effectively navigate the cloud learning curve.

    • Blend Structured Learning with Hands-On Experience
    • Foster a Culture of Continuous Cloud Learning
    • Implement Project-Based Cloud Training for Teams
    • Combine Certifications with Real-World Cloud Applications
    • Tailor Cloud Training to Team's Skill Levels
    • Create Interactive Cloud Learning Environments
    • Leverage Vendor Resources for Comprehensive Training
    • Encourage Peer-Led Cloud Knowledge Sharing Sessions
    • Integrate Cloud Skills into Daily Work Practices
    • Design Practical Cloud Workshops for Non-Technical Teams
    • Utilize Sandbox Environments for Risk-Free Learning
    • Pair Experienced Members with Cloud Novices
    • Conduct Regular Cloud Technology Workshops
    • Emphasize Practical Application in Cloud Training
    • Offer Diverse Learning Paths for Cloud Skills
    • Create a Collaborative Cloud Learning Culture
    • Implement Hands-On Cloud Projects for Teams
    • Develop Custom Cloud Training for Specific Roles
    • Establish Cloud Champions for Peer Support
    • Balance Theory and Practice in Cloud Education
    • Focus on Real-World Cloud Scenarios
    • Adapt Cloud Training to Business Objectives
    • Provide Continuous Support for Cloud Learners
    • Empower Teams Through Experiential Cloud Learning
    • Cultivate Curiosity in Cloud Technology Exploration

    Blend Structured Learning with Hands-On Experience

    As Sheharyar, CEO at SoftwareHouse with over 10 years of experience, I approached training my team on cloud technologies by first establishing a strong foundation through structured, vendor-recognized certification programs and interactive workshops. We leveraged resources like AWS and Azure training modules, which provided in-depth, hands-on labs and real-world scenarios that directly applied to our projects. This formal training was complemented by regular internal knowledge-sharing sessions, where team members presented case studies and best practices, ensuring that the entire team was aligned with the latest cloud trends and operational standards.

    In addition to structured learning, I encouraged a culture of continuous experimentation by setting up sandbox environments where developers could safely explore new cloud features without impacting production. Pair programming and mentorship were also integral, allowing less experienced team members to learn directly from seasoned professionals. This multifaceted approach not only equipped my team with the necessary skills but also fostered an agile mindset that is essential for successfully navigating the ever-evolving landscape of cloud technologies.

    Foster a Culture of Continuous Cloud Learning

    Training a team on cloud technologies requires a mix of structured learning, hands-on experience, and continuous upskilling. When I led cloud training, I focused on three key areas: practical application, certification-based learning, and real-world problem-solving.

    First, I encouraged hands-on labs using AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud free tiers. Giving my team direct access to sandbox environments made the learning process interactive. We worked on deploying simple applications, setting up virtual machines, and automating workflows with Infrastructure as Code (IaC) tools like Terraform. Nothing beats real-world experience when it comes to cloud proficiency.

    For structured learning, certification roadmaps were incredibly effective. I guided my team through AWS Certified Solutions Architect, Azure Fundamentals, and Google Cloud Associate Engineer tracks, depending on our stack. Platforms like A Cloud Guru, Pluralsight, and Coursera provided in-depth courses with real-world scenarios. We also used cloud provider documentation extensively--it's one of the best free resources available.

    Another game-changer was peer-led workshops and hackathons. We scheduled regular "Cloud Fridays" where team members would share what they learned, troubleshoot issues together, and build small projects. This not only reinforced learning but also built a collaborative culture where everyone felt empowered to experiment and ask questions.

    The biggest lesson? Cloud technologies evolve rapidly, so training isn't a one-time effort. Encouraging continuous learning, staying updated on best practices, and applying new skills in real projects made the training stick.

    Patric Edwards
    Patric EdwardsFounder & Principal Software Architect, Cirrus Bridge

    Implement Project-Based Cloud Training for Teams

    Training a team on cloud technologies isn't just about certifications--it's about building real expertise. The most effective approach has been blending structured learning with hands-on problem-solving. Vendor-led courses (AWS, Azure) provide a strong foundation, but real mastery comes from applying those concepts in live projects. Instructor-led workshops with industry experts accelerate this process, offering insights beyond standard curricula. What makes the biggest impact is fostering a learning culture--encouraging teams to experiment, collaborate, and continuously upskill. The cloud evolves rapidly, and staying ahead requires more than just training--it demands a mindset of adaptability.

    Combine Certifications with Real-World Cloud Applications

    Training a team on cloud technologies isn't just about certifications--it's about building real expertise. The most effective approach has been blending structured learning with hands-on problem-solving. Vendor-led courses (AWS, Azure) provide a strong foundation, but real mastery comes from applying those concepts in live projects. Instructor-led workshops with industry experts accelerate this process, offering insights beyond standard curricula. What makes the biggest impact is fostering a learning culture--encouraging teams to experiment, collaborate, and continuously upskill. The cloud evolves rapidly, and staying ahead requires more than just training--it demands a mindset of adaptability.

    Tailor Cloud Training to Team's Skill Levels

    When it came to getting our team up to speed on cloud technologies, one of the things that really worked for us was organizing hands-on workshops. Picture this: instead of just sitting through lectures or reading about cloud concepts, our team got to dive right into real-world projects. It was like a sandbox where they could play around with different cloud services, troubleshoot issues, and collaborate on solutions. This practical approach made a huge difference. It wasn't just about learning the theory; they were actually applying it, which really helped solidify their understanding. Plus, it boosted their confidence. By the time they were working on actual projects, they were much more prepared to handle any challenges that came their way. It was a game-changer for us in terms of training effectiveness.

    Rubens Basso
    Rubens BassoChief Technology Officer, FieldRoutes

    Create Interactive Cloud Learning Environments

    This can be done by mixing real project exposure with targeted learning paths--pure theory doesn't stick. Start with foundational certifications like AWS or Azure basics, then immediately back it up with hands-on labs or internal projects.

    What works well is assigning ownership. Let one person deep-dive into IaC, another into cost optimization, another into CI/CD--then have them run short internal sessions. Peer learning speeds things up and keeps it practical.

    Also, using sandbox environments for experimentation and creating small "build challenges" like deploying a containerized app or setting up autoscaling really boosts confidence. Online platforms like A Cloud Guru, Pluralsight, and vendor-specific labs are great, but tying that learning to actual delivery makes the real difference.

    Vipul Mehta
    Vipul MehtaCo-Founder & CTO, WeblineGlobal

    Leverage Vendor Resources for Comprehensive Training

    Approach for Training the Team on Cloud Technologies and Best Practices

    1. Understanding Cloud Basics

    Introduce fundamental cloud concepts and terminology including different service models (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS) and deployment models (Public, Private, Hybrid, Multi-Cloud).

    2. Shell Scripting & Automation

    Provide hands-on training in shell scripting to enhance automation skills.

    Covering basic scripting commands, automation workflows, and cloud-related CLI tools.

    3. Self-Learning & Hands-on Practice

    Exploration of official documentation for cloud platforms and tools

    with practical exercises to reinforce learning through real-world scenarios.

    4. Troubleshooting & Problem-Solving

    Develop skills in debugging and resolving cloud-related issues by using platforms like Stack Overflow, blog posts, and technical forums to research and solve problems effectively.

    5. Continuous Learning & Collaboration

    Encourage participation in cloud communities, webinars, and certification programs to foster a culture of knowledge-sharing through internal discussions and team-based projects.

    Method equipping team with necessary skills:

    => Performing hands-on practice after learning about the tool/technology as well as connecting the dots based on the analogy will help the most.

    Encourage Peer-Led Cloud Knowledge Sharing Sessions

    When I first started training my team on cloud technologies, I took a hands-on approach by organizing weekly workshops where we would dive into real-world scenarios. Rather than just reading through manuals, we tackled live projects and problem-solving exercises. This helped the team not only grasp the concepts but also see their practical applications. I also brought in experts for guest sessions, which provided a fresh perspective on cloud best practices. For resources, I found platforms like A Cloud Guru and Coursera to be incredibly effective, as they offered structured courses that were easy to follow and kept the team engaged. Additionally, I encouraged peer learning, where team members who excelled in certain areas would lead mini-sessions for others. This approach fostered collaboration and helped us quickly build a team with solid cloud skills.

    Nikita Sherbina
    Nikita SherbinaCo-Founder & CEO, AIScreen

    Integrate Cloud Skills into Daily Work Practices

    When transitioning to cloud-native development, we needed our team to become proficient in AWS, Azure, and Kubernetes to build scalable, secure healthcare solutions. Rather than relying solely on theoretical learning, we combined structured training with hands-on experience and real-world application, ensuring a deep understanding of cloud best practices.

    To build expertise, we enrolled our engineers in AWS and Azure certification programs like AWS Solutions Architect and Azure DevOps. Cloud sandboxes provided a risk-free environment for real-time experimentation, allowing our team to test and refine cloud strategies before implementation. Internal knowledge-sharing sessions, such as our weekly "Cloud Masterclass," enabled senior engineers to mentor junior team members, while cross-functional workshops enhanced collaboration between DevOps, security, and development teams.

    We integrated cloud principles into live client projects to reinforce learning, starting with non-critical workloads. DevOps specialists paired with developers to implement CI/CD pipelines, containerization, and cloud security best practices. This hands-on approach not only accelerated skill adoption but also led to faster deployments, improved system resilience, and cost-optimized cloud usage. By combining certifications, mentorship, and real-world application, we ensured a smooth and effective transition to cloud-native development.

    Riken Shah
    Riken ShahFounder & CEO, OSP Labs

    Design Practical Cloud Workshops for Non-Technical Teams

    My approach to teaching my team about cloud technology was methodical and practical. Prior to using real-world projects to enhance learning, we began with core courses from platforms such as AWS Training, Coursera, and Pluralsight. I organized weekly knowledge-sharing meetings where team members spoke about problems and solutions, and I pushed them to obtain certifications. Mentoring and pair programming also sped up the uptake of new skills. Combining classroom instruction with real-world application proved to be the most successful tactic, enabling the team to confidently apply best practices in our cloud environment.

    Utilize Sandbox Environments for Risk-Free Learning

    Training my team on cloud technologies and keeping them safe meant using simple and clear methods. From my experience, hands-on practice and real-life examples helped the most. I made sure everyone understood how cloud systems work and why security is important. We had group discussions, easy-to-follow lessons, and real situations to learn from. I also encouraged my team to keep learning because cloud security changes all the time. Creating a space where they felt comfortable asking questions made training easier and more effective.

    I found that learning from both team members and outside resources worked well. More experienced teammates shared their knowledge, which helped others understand better. I also recommended trusted courses and certifications to build skills. The key was making sure they could use what they learned in real work. This made them more confident and reminded them to always think about security. From my perspective, training isn't just about learning new tools—it's about always keeping safety in mind.

    Oliver Aleksejuk
    Oliver AleksejukManaging Director, Techcare

    Pair Experienced Members with Cloud Novices

    When training our team on cloud technologies and best practices, we took a hands-on, project-based approach combined with structured learning resources. We started with vendor-specific certifications (AWS, Azure, GCP) to establish foundational knowledge, followed by real-world implementation exercises that allowed the team to apply what they learned in practical scenarios.

    To reinforce learning, we used internal workshops, peer mentoring, and knowledge-sharing sessions, where team members who completed certifications shared insights and best practices. Sandbox environments were crucial, allowing engineers to experiment without risk. Additionally, we leveraged official documentation, online courses, and cloud vendor training programs to ensure our team stayed updated.

    The most effective method was integrating learning into real projects--assigning cloud migration, automation, or infrastructure optimization tasks so team members could gain experience while contributing to business objectives. This approach not only built technical skills but also fostered confidence in adopting cloud solutions.

    Sergiy Fitsak
    Sergiy FitsakManaging Director, Fintech Expert, Softjourn

    Conduct Regular Cloud Technology Workshops

    At AppMakers LA, training our team on cloud technologies isn't just about throwing them a bunch of courses--it's about hands-on learning, real-world application, and staying ahead of industry shifts. We take a project-based approach, meaning team members don't just watch tutorials--they build, break, and fix things in live cloud environments (AWS, GCP, Azure, whatever fits the project). This way, they're learning by doing, not just memorizing concepts.

    We also encourage hackathons and cloud labs to explore new tools like Kubernetes, Terraform, and serverless architectures. The key? Keep it practical, relevant, and iterative--because cloud tech evolves fast, and so should we.

    Emphasize Practical Application in Cloud Training

    Training a team on cloud technologies requires a hands-on, continuous learning approach with a mix of structured resources and real-world applications. I focused on certification-based learning, encouraging team members to complete AWS, Azure, or Google Cloud certifications, depending on our tech stack. Platforms like AWS Training, Coursera, A Cloud Guru, and Pluralsight provided structured learning paths.

    Beyond courses, hands-on labs and real projects were the most effective. We created sandbox environments where the team could experiment with deployments, security configurations, and automation. Regular knowledge-sharing sessions, hackathons, and peer mentoring helped reinforce learning and keep everyone updated on best practices.

    Since cloud tech evolves rapidly, I also emphasized continuous learning by setting up a culture where staying updated with new features and industry trends became part of the workflow.

    Offer Diverse Learning Paths for Cloud Skills

    Our approach to helping our clients train their teams on cloud technologies is rooted in creating a structured yet flexible learning experience.

    Begin by assessing the training goals and current skill levels. This helps build a learning pathway tailored to specific roles, whether it's architects focusing on scalability and cost optimization, developers diving into CI/CD and serverless, or operations teams mastering infrastructure as code and automation.

    We've found that a blended learning strategy works best when online learning is paired with hands-on learning, official certifications and mentoring. These are complemented by documentation and knowledge bases that offer deeper insights into cloud design patterns and frameworks.

    Just as importantly, we encourage hands-on practice through sandbox environments, guided labs, and real-world scenario simulations--because true learning happens by doing.

    To foster a collaborative learning culture, consider having internal workshops, peer-led sessions, and "cloud hack days" where team members can experiment and innovate in a risk-free environment.

    Finally, remember continuous learning through tactics like biweekly deep dives, webinars or community discussions.

    The goal is not just to deliver training but to create a culture of continuous improvement. Measure success by observing how training translates into faster deployments, fewer errors, and smarter use of cloud resources.

    Create a Collaborative Cloud Learning Culture

    When introducing cloud technologies to a team, the key is hands-on learning and real-world application. In my experience, the most effective way to train a team isn't just through theoretical lessons but by integrating cloud tools into daily workflows and encouraging a culture of continuous learning.

    One method that worked well for me was project-based learning combined with certifications. Instead of overwhelming the team with technical documentation, we started with small, practical cloud projects relevant to their roles. This could be something as simple as setting up automated workflows using cloud-based tools or optimizing a deployment pipeline.

    Resources That Worked:

    1. AWS & Google Cloud Free Tiers: Let the team experiment in real environments without financial risk.

    2. Coursera & A Cloud Guru: Well-structured courses that balance theory with hands-on labs.

    3. Internal Knowledge-Sharing Sessions: Weekly deep dives where team members present findings from cloud training to reinforce concepts.

    For example, when transitioning part of our infrastructure to a cloud-based solution, I paired experienced team members with those new to cloud tech for peer learning. This mentorship approach not only helped speed up adoption but also built internal expertise without relying solely on external training. Within months, the team was not just using cloud services but also optimizing them for performance and cost efficiency.

    If you're looking to upskill your team on cloud technologies, my advice is to keep training interactive, collaborative, and project-driven--it leads to faster, more effective adoption.

    David Diaz
    David DiazCo-Founder and Chief Commerical Officer, Ray Browser

    Implement Hands-On Cloud Projects for Teams

    When training my team on cloud technologies and best practices, I found that hands-on learning through real projects was far more effective than traditional courses alone. Early on, we had team members with varying levels of cloud experience, and simply pointing them to documentation wasn't enough to build confidence.

    To address this, we created internal sandbox environments where the team could experiment with cloud deployments, security configurations, and automation workflows in a risk-free setting. We paired this with short, focused workshops led by team members who had more cloud expertise. Instead of just theory, we walked through real use cases--like optimizing storage costs or setting up automated scaling--so learning was immediately applicable to our work.

    One engineer who was initially hesitant about cloud infrastructure told me that being able to test configurations in a safe environment made the concepts click much faster. Over time, this approach dramatically improved our team's cloud proficiency and reduced errors in production.

    The key takeaway? Learning by doing accelerates adoption. Give your team structured opportunities to experiment in a low-risk way, and they'll gain confidence and skills that translate directly into better cloud management.

    Gauri Manglik
    Gauri ManglikCEO and Co-Founder, Instrumentl

    Develop Custom Cloud Training for Specific Roles

    At Advastar, we have a strong and intelligent team, but our backgrounds are in recruitment, manufacturing, and construction--not technology. However, leveraging cloud-based platforms is essential to staying competitive in today's tech-driven recruitment landscape. While our team doesn't need to grasp the technical intricacies of cloud technology, they must understand how to navigate, use, and troubleshoot cloud-based tools. They also need foundational knowledge of cloud security best practices to protect company and client data.

    I've found the most effective approach to training is structured, hands-on, and directly relevant to daily tasks. Training should focus on key cloud concepts applicable to the team's work, avoiding unnecessary technical depth that might disengage even highly capable employees. The more interactive the training, the better the engagement and retention.

    We use a blended learning approach for cloud training. Whenever we introduce a new cloud platform, we bring in an expert for a live demo and workshop, allowing the team to ask questions and tailor the learning to their needs. Additionally, we leverage online resources from AWS, Google Cloud, edX, and Udemy to supplement training. This mix of live instruction and self-paced learning ensures that employees can grasp cloud concepts efficiently while applying them in real-world scenarios.

    Keeping training practical, relevant, and interactive equips our team with the cloud skills they need without overwhelming them with technical complexity. This approach has not only improved operational efficiency but also increased confidence in using cloud-based tools.

    Establish Cloud Champions for Peer Support

    My approach to training the team in cloud technologies and best practices has been to leverage high-quality, industry-recognized material and provide real-world, hands-on experience. The first step has been ensuring that our team is directly exposed to the cloud platforms that we use in our infrastructure. We conduct internal workshops where we have hands-on, use-case-based learning. The workshops allow team members to directly interact with the cloud systems--whether it is AWS, Google Cloud, or Microsoft Azure--to see how the technologies impact field management solutions.

    From a formal training standpoint, we focus on training and certification from recognized industry leaders like AWS Training and Certification, Google Cloud Training, and Microsoft Learn. All of these offer expert-level tracks for cloud architects, developers, and security professionals so that our personnel gains knowledge that's relevant and comprehensive. We also use the Cloud Academy platform, which provides hands-on labs and testing so that our team members can practice their skills in real cloud environments.

    To supplement this technical training, we also have cloud consultants and industry specialists hold detailed sessions on cloud architecture, security best practices, and SaaS scalability. These external experts provide invaluable insight into how to streamline cloud architecture and handle industry standards, keeping our team current with the latest trends and technologies.

    With the help of these reputable, high-quality resources and our ongoing emphasis on hands-on experience, we can ensure that our personnel are adequately trained to both manage and scale our cloud infrastructure and adhere to best practices in cloud computing and SaaS management.

    Mark Tipton
    Mark TiptonCEO & Founder, Aspire

    Balance Theory and Practice in Cloud Education

    I started by gauging each person's current understanding of cloud technologies. Some were more experienced than others, so I conducted an informal survey to see who needed a refresher on the basics and who was ready for advanced topics. This helped me create smaller learning groups and select resources tailored to each group's skill level, rather than forcing everyone into a one-size-fits-all training session.

    Next, I introduced a mix of self-paced online courses and hands-on workshops. In my experience, people learn faster when they can try things out in a real environment. After they watched tutorials or lectures, we set up sandbox projects so they could experiment with deploying apps, configuring storage, or building out architecture components. This hands-on time deepened their understanding and helped pinpoint any gaps in knowledge.

    Finally, I encouraged regular knowledge-sharing sessions. Every two weeks, someone would present a brief demo of a new technique they'd learned or a challenge they solved while working in the cloud. This culture of continuous learning kept everyone engaged and fostered collaboration. By combining structured education, practical exercises, and peer-led discussions, my team built up the skills we needed to tackle cloud initiatives with confidence.

    Focus on Real-World Cloud Scenarios

    One of the highest priorities when introducing cloud technologies at LAXcar was to ensure that our team understood not just the tools but also how they streamlined our operations and improved customer service. Because cloud-based systems affect everyone - booking logistics, fleet management, you name it - we required training that was utilitarian, hands-on, and digestible, particularly for team members not from a technical background.

    Instead of using lengthy technical manuals, we used a blended approach. In these sessions, we walked employees through real-world scenarios, such as accessing live booking updates, tracking driver locations, or safely navigating the sharing of client information. We followed this up with bite-sized video tutorials and step-by-step guides specific to the way we work, making it much easier for employees to refer back to at a later time.

    One of the most successful initiatives was to appoint "cloud champions" -- team members who were early adopters of the new system and were able to help others troubleshoot problems. This parallel support model contributed to higher adoption rates and less frustration during the transition.

    Arsen Misakyan
    Arsen MisakyanCEO and Founder, LAXcar

    Adapt Cloud Training to Business Objectives

    I took a hands-on approach to upskilling my team, combining real-world applications with structured learning. First, I assessed their knowledge levels and designed a three-phase training plan: foundational learning, hands-on labs, and continuous knowledge sharing.

    To build a solid foundation, I got them access to a cloud certification program on Udemy. Once they understood the basics, we moved to hands-on practice using AWS Free Tier and Azure Sandbox, where they could experiment in a risk-free environment. In our internal workshops, they worked on real-world scenarios, setting up cloud storage with Amazon S3 and exploring other key services.

    To keep the momentum going, we held weekly Cloud Roundtables, where team members shared insights, tackled challenges, and discussed best practices. This approach made the learning process more engaging and practical, helping everyone gain confidence in cloud technologies.

    Provide Continuous Support for Cloud Learners

    When I trained my team on cloud technologies, I structured the process to be comprehensive, hands-on, and directly applicable to our operations.

    I started by introducing foundational concepts such as cloud architecture models (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS), network configurations, and identity and access management (IAM).

    From there, we moved to advanced topics like deploying containerized applications with Kubernetes and leveraging serverless computing for event-driven workflows. This incremental approach helped build their knowledge systematically without overwhelming them.

    I found live environments to be the most effective training tool. I created sandbox accounts where team members could experiment with provisioning virtual machines, setting up load balancers, and automating workflows using Infrastructure as Code tools like Terraform.

    For example, we worked on implementing an auto-scaling group for high availability while simultaneously tracking performance metrics in a monitoring dashboard. These sessions were reinforced with troubleshooting scenarios, where they had to diagnose issues like resource misconfigurations or network bottlenecks.

    Alan Chen
    Alan ChenPresident & CEO, DataNumen, Inc.

    Empower Teams Through Experiential Cloud Learning

    Cloud training should never be a one-time initiative--it's a continuous process. The best results have come from blending structured learning with real-world application. Rather than just relying on certifications, hands-on labs, internal mentorship, and real project deployments have been the game changers.

    One of the most effective strategies has been encouraging cross-functional collaboration, where IT teams work closely with business units to understand practical cloud applications. Leveraging platforms like AWS Skill Builder and Google Cloud training, alongside internal case studies, has helped bridge the gap between theory and execution.

    At Invensis Technologies, the focus has always been on making cloud learning practical, engaging, and directly tied to business outcomes.

    Cultivate Curiosity in Cloud Technology Exploration

    Introducing my team to cloud technologies felt like preparing them for an exciting journey into a new frontier. Unlike a typical training session, I wanted this experience to spark curiosity and empower them to explore with confidence.

    Every successful journey starts with a map, so I began by identifying where each person stood. Some were already familiar with basic cloud concepts, while others were taking their first steps. The key was to chart a path that allowed each of them to grow at their own pace, while aligned with our team's collective goals.

    To make the learning process engaging, I focused on hands-on exploration. We set up sandbox environments where everyone could test ideas and learn by doing. I vividly remember a session where we collaborated to design a load-balanced cloud setup.

    Watching the team troubleshoot and celebrate each milestone felt like watching explorers discover something new. This experiential approach gave them the confidence to apply concepts to real projects without fear of failure.

    I also relied on a mix of structured courses and collaborative learning. Regular knowledge-sharing sessions became a highlight--team members would share breakthroughs or tips they'd learned, which created a cycle of continuous growth.